Neurofeedback: Exercise or Operant Conditioning? I believe neurofeedback is like exercise. In most exercise we have some form of mirror: you might be watching yourself trying to achieve and stay in a pose in yoga, or have a pulse-meter that informs you when you are in or out of the training range in aerobics. There’s nothing innately reinforcing about […]

Coherence Coherence is a measure of how effectively two sites are able to link and unlink, to share information. Whether coherence is a good thing or a bad thing depends to some extent on what frequency we are talking about and what sites and what task. Slower frequencies, alpha and lower, are generally produced by […]

Below are some concepts in understanding montages. For more information in understanding how to ready the montages in your Whole-Brain Training plan, please see our videos. Just to repeat one of the conventions we use, when a montage is listed, it should be listed as Active/Reference. If we follow that convention, then if someone writes […]

Visible and Invisible Structures in the EEG Signal It probably would be useful to talk about visible and invisible structures. The cortex, the hippocampus (inside each temporal lobe) and the cingulate are all composed with pyramidal neurons, so they produce a signal that appears in the EEG.   Most of the primary sub-cortical players (thalamus, […]

Basal Ganglia The best connections to the Basal Ganglia would be at Cz. You won’t “see” the Basal Ganglia in EEG, since it is not made of the pyramidal cells that show up in EEG (only the cortex, hippocampus and cingulate are), so you have to go where it’s connected and train there.

Measuring Progress with So-Called Objective Tests Speaking of “objective” measures like the TOVA or IVA: I tried both, meaning that I bought them and charged my clients for my use of them for several months one time and a bit less than a month the second time. I’ve thrown the TOVA away twice. The first […]

Synchrony Synchrony indicates that two waveforms are coherent (consistent relationship between their peaks and valleys) and in phase (peak and valleys happening at the same time in both waveforms). If that is true when you add the waves together, the peaks are added to the peaks, giving the largest possible positive number, and the valleys […]

See Tech Support for information on how to do brain maps. This section is to provide tips for gathering better data. In the TQ guide we recommend that assessments be recorded before 11am. The assessment gives the trainer a starting place. I know what NOT to aim at, and have some ideas as to where […]

Rewards Rewards in neurofeedback are the alerts the brain receives to let it know that it has done something worth repeating. Rewards are set in the computer’s protocol and usually come in the form of tones, or a video playing, or points accumulating in a game. When I trained with Joel Lubar in the early […]

Deep Brain EEG Measurement The cortex is the “bark” on the outside of the brain–about a quarter-inch thick. There is no “deep-brain cortical structure.” There are a number of structures in the mid-brain which are heavily involved in how the brain works, but there’s a problem. EEG is produced by one (of many) type of […]